Rhipsalis paradoxa subsp. paradoxa (Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck
Images | Description | Publications | Reduced Synonyms
Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil
Utrecht University Botanic Gardens
Unknown clone
Unknown clone
Aberrant flower
Commercial clone
Botanical illustrations and historical images
Description
| The accepted name Rhipsalis paradoxa subsp. paradoxa (Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck was published in Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844. 39. 1845. The geographic range is Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina) found at elevations of 950 meters with an endangered status of least concern. Rhipsalis paradoxa subsp. paradoxa is classified in the subgenus Epallagogonium. Observed growing as an epiphyte. Overall habit is pendant, branches are monomorphic (single stem shape) and acrotonic (stems form from the tips of previous stems). Stems are 3 to 4 alternating angled, bristles are absent. Main stems are determinate (seasonal growth is about the same length), 9cm-26cm x 1cm-5.5cm. Flowers are rotate: sub-patent or patent (wheel shaped: partial to wide open), 1.5cm-2cm x 2cm-2.6cm. Petals from 8 to 11, sepal count is unreported. Inner petals are white, light-yellow or pink, outer petals are white, light-yellow, pink or red. Stamen are white, from 59 to 125. Stigma lobes from 5 to 6. Flower ovary is subglobose or obconical, 0.4cm-1cm x 0.4cm-0.8cm. Flowering position on the stem is lateral and the flower orientation in relation to the stem is oblique. Does repeat flowering per areole. A maximum of 2 flowers were reported at a single areole. Areole position in the stems is deeply immersed (flower ovary is partially or fully hidden in the stems during bud development). Trichomes or wool is dense at the areoles after flowering. Unripe fruit is green, brown or red. Ripe fruit is subglobose or obconical-globose; white or pink, 0.7cm x 0.4cm-0.8cm. Other notable features: Ripe fruit occasionally with pink or red ring around the top. Juvenile morphology is very different from adult morphology, presenting many angles with close set bristly areoles. Due to the more robust stems adding weight to the overall branches, the overall morphology has more of a long pendant appearance, it is however comprised of determinate stems (stems that grow to about the same length each seasonal), unlike R. pacheco-leonis subsp. catenulata which is quite narrow and comprised of much longer indeterminate stems (stems that grow to various lengths each season). The two species are not very closely related, the alternating angle appearance of the stems is an adaptation that occurred independently1. Comments: Material Sampled, Calvente 145, RJ, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti2 Material Sampled, Calvente 145, RJ, Brazil (SPF), in Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti2 1Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae), Nadja Korotkova, Ph.D. Thesis, 2012 2Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti, Alice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. Lohmann, International Journal of Plant Sciences, 172:7, 2011 Taxonomic treatment and description were derived from:
|
Rhipsalis paradoxa subsp. paradoxa referenced publications
| Title | Authors | Type | Journal | Year | Volume | Issue | Pages | Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epifytische cactussen, rhipsalis.eu. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025 | Aat van Uijen | Website | 2025 | |||||
| IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed on: 18 Jan. 2025 | Website | 2025 | ||||||
| Royal Botanic Gardens Kew | Plants of the World Online. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025 | Website | 2025 | ||||||
| The Caryophyllales Network 2015+ [continuously updated]: A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025 | Website | 2025 | ||||||
| WFO The World Flora Online. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025 | Website | 2025 | ||||||
| The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. accessed on 2025-01-07 | Website | 2024 | ||||||
| Cactaceae in a priority area for conservation in Espírito Santo state | Weverson Cardoso, Alice Calvente, Valquíria Dutra, Cassia Sakuragui | Journal Article | Rodriguésia | 2022 | 73 | |||
| Rio de Janeiro - Cactaceae of the State of Rio de Janeiro (version 1, 8/2022), fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org | Diego Rafael Gonzaga, Maria de Fátima Freitas, Alice Calvente | Website | 2022 | |||||
| Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family | Nadja Korotkova, David Aquino, Salvador Arias, Urs Eggli, Alan Franck, Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa, Pablo C. Guerrero, Héctor M. Hernández, Andreas Kohlbecker, Matias Köhler, Katja Luther, Lucas C. Majure, Andreas Müller, Detlev Metzing, Reto Nyffeler, Daniel Sánchez, Boris Schlumpberger, Walter G. Berendsohn | Journal Article | Willdenowia | 2021 | 51 | 2 | 251 – 270 | Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM) |
| Cactaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed on: 15 Jan. 2025 | Daniela C. Zappi, Nigel P. Taylor | Website | 2020 | |||||
| Flora do Rio de Janeiro: Cactaceae | Maria de Fátima Freitas, Alice Calvente, Diego Rafael Gonzaga | Journal Article | Rodriguésia | 2020 | 71 | |||
| Neotypification of Rhipsalis rhombea (Rhipsalideae, Cactaceae) and Its Taxonomic History | Ralf Bauer, Nadja Korotkova | Journal Article | Haseltonia | 2020 | 27 | 95-101 | Cactus and Succulent Society of America | |
| Cactaceae no Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil | Lucas Vasconcelos, Diego Rafael Gonzaga, Ricardo Reis | Journal Article | Rodriguésia | 2019 | 70 | |||
| Rhipsalis, cactussen uit het tropische woud 3 | Aat van Uijen | Journal Article | Succulenta | 2018 | 97 | 4 | 163-166 | |
| Rhipsalis, cactussen uit het tropische woud 1 | Aat van Uijen | Journal Article | Succulenta | 2017 | 96 | 6 | 270-275 | |
| Rhipsalis (Cactaceae): loss and gain of floral rewards is mirrored in range sizes and distribution patterns of species | Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann, Stefan Abrahamczyk, Jens Mutke, Wilhelm Barthlott, Maximilian Weigend | Journal Article | Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society | 2016 | 180 | 491-503 | ||
| Cactaceae in the state of Paraná, Brasil | André Soller, Patricia Soffiatti, Alice Calvente, Renato Goldenberg | Journal Article | Rodriguésia | 2014 | 65 | 201-219 | ||
| A New Subgeneric Classification of Rhipsalis (Cactoideae, Cactaceae) | Alice Calvente | Journal Article | Systematic Botany | 2012 | 37 | 4 | 983 – 988 | The American Society of Plant Taxonomists |
| Phylogeny and evolution of the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) | Nadja Korotkova | Ph.D. Thesis | 2012 | Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn | ||||
| Der seltsame Binsenkaktus Rhipsalis paradoxa - eine kulturwürdige Art aus Brasilien | Andreas Hofacker | Journal Article | Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten | 2011 | 62 | 8 | 202-206 | |
| Molecular phylogeny of tribe Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) and taxonomic implications for Schlumbergera and Hatiora | Alice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. Lohmann | Journal Article | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | 2011 | 58 | 3 | 456-468 | |
| Molecular Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of South American Epiphytic Cacti | Alice Calvente, Daniela C. Zappi, Félix Forest, Lúcia G. Lohmann | Journal Article | International Journal of Plant Sciences | 2011 | 172 | 7 | 902-914 | |
| What does it take to resolve relationship and to identify species with molecular markers? An example from the epiphytic Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) | Nadja Korotkova, Borsch T, Dietmar Quandt, Nigel P. Taylor, Müller K, Wilhelm Barthlott | Journal Article | American Journal of Botany | 2011 | 98 | 1549-1572 | ||
| Molecular phylogeny, evolution and systematics of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) | Alice Calvente | Ph.D. Thesis | 2010 | Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo | ||||
| Stem anatomy of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) and its relevance for taxonomy | Alice Calvente, Regina H. P. Andreata, Ricardo C. Vieira | Journal Article | Plant Systematics and Evolution | 2008 | 276 | 3-4 | 271-277 | |
| Cactaceae | Daniela C. Zappi, Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme Aona, Nigel P. Taylor | Journal Article | Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo | 2007 | 5 | 180-193 | ||
| The New Cactus Lexicon: Atlas of illustrations | David Hunt, Nigel P. Taylor, Graham Charles | Book | 2006 | 104-120 | DH Books | |||
| The New Cactus Lexicon: Text | David Hunt, Nigel P. Taylor, Graham Charles | Book | 2006 | 138-139,142-143,253-257 | DH Books | |||
| Cacti of Eastern Brazil | Nigel P. Taylor, Daniela C. Zappi | Book | 2004 | The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew | ||||
| Re-classification of Rhipsalideae, A Polyphyletic Tribe of the Cactaceae Durande | Alexander B. Doweld | Journal Article | Succulents | 2001 | 4 | 1-2 | ||
| Die Namen der Gattungen und Arten epiphytischer Kakteen. Teil 1. Rhipsalideae | Ralf Bauer | Journal Article | EPIG | 1996 | 8 | 2 | 47-51 | |
| Cactaceae of South America: The Ritter Collections | Urs Eggli, Mélica Muñoz Schick, Beat Ernst Leuenberger | Book | Englera | 1995 | 16 | 15, 27, 42, 51, 58, 61, 73-74, 111, 220, 240-242, 271, 412, 431, 451-453, 488, 503-504, 507, 513, 515-516, 522-523, 566, 579 | ||
| Notes towards a Monograph of Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) | Wilhelm Barthlott, Nigel P. Taylor | Journal Article | Bradleya | 1995 | 13 | 43-79 | British Cactus and Succulent Society | |
| Bericht über zwei Vorträge von Myron Kimnach und Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott über ihre Ansichten zur Gattungsgliederung innerhalb der epiphytischen Kakteen | Ralf Bauer | Journal Article | EPIG | 1991 | 3 | 4 | 64-71 | |
| The genus Rhipsalis Gärtner (Cactaceae) in the State of São Paulo-I: species with cylindrical or subcilindrical joints | Julio Antonio Lombardi | Journal Article | Acta Botanica Brasilica | 1991 | 5 | 2 | 53-76 | |
| Rhipsalis paradoxa | G. Wilhelm-Maaß | Journal Article | EPIG | 1989 | 1 | 4 | 37-38 | |
| New names in Rhipsalidinae (Cactaceae) | Wilhelm Barthlott | Journal Article | Bradleya | 1987 | 5 | 97-100 | ||
| Op de groeiplaats van Coleocephalocereus paulensis | Gerardus Olsthoorn | Journal Article | Succulenta | 1981 | 60 | 12 | 287-288 | |
| Chromosome numbers in the tribe Rhipsalinae (Cactaceae) | T. W. J. Gadella, E. Kliphuis, J. Naber | Journal Article | Botaniska notiser | 1979 | 3 | 294 | ||
| Iii. Unterfamilie Cereoideae K. Schum. 1898 | Friedrich Ritter | Journal Article | Kakteen in Südamerika | 1979 | 20 | 1 | 36-47 | |
| Cactus Lexicon | Curt Backeberg, Walther Haage | Book | 1966 | 205,220-222,440-449, 647, 750 | Blandford Press Ltd. (1966-1973) | |||
| Archivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro | Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro | Book | 1948 | 8 | 146 | Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botanico | ||
| Iets Over Onze Rhipsalideae. | G. D. Duursma | Journal Article | Succulenta | 1943 | 25 | 1 | 7 | |
| Notiser från Lunds Botaniska Trädgård. | Hakon Hjelmqvist | Journal Article | Botaniska notiser | 1941 | 4 | 343-361 | ||
| Het Leekenhoekje. | J. M. van den Houten | Journal Article | Succulenta | 1936 | 18 | 1 | 8-10 | |
| The Cactaceae : descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family | Nathaniel Lord Britton, Mary E. Eaton, N. J. Rose, Helen Adelaide Wood | Book | 1923 | 4 | 208-247 | Carnegie Institution of Washington | ||
| Cactus culture for amateurs: a concise and practical guide to the management of a little understood family of plants | William Watson | Book | 1920 | London, "The Bazaar, exchange & mart" office, 1920 | ||||
| The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States and Canada for ornament, for fancy, for fruit and for vegetables; with keys to the natural families and genera, descriptions of the horticultural capabilities of the states and provinces and dependent islands, and sketches of eminent horticulturists | Liberty Hyde Bailey | Book | 1919 | 5 | 2929-2930 | New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] | ||
| Archivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro | Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro | Book | 1915 | 1 | 61-105 | Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botanico | ||
| Hortus Mortolensis : enumeratio plantarum in Horto Mortolensi cultarum = Alphabetical catalogue of plants growing in the garden of the late Sir Thomas Hanbury ... at La Mortola, Ventimiglia, Italy | Giardino Botanico Hanbury, Alwin Berger | Book | 1912 | 272-273 | London, West, Newman, 1912 | |||
| Handbuch der Kakteenkultur : kurze Beschreibung der meisten gegenwärtig im Handel befindlichen Kakteen, nebst Angabe zu deren Pflege für Gärtner und Kakteenliebhaber zusammengestellt | Ernst Schelle | Book | 1907 | 226-233 | Stuttgart, E. Ulmer, 1907 | |||
| Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (Monographia cactacearum) | Karl Schumann, Karl Hirscht | Book | 1899 | 618-650 | Neudamm [Dębno, Poland?], J. Neumann, 1899 | |||
| Dictionnaire d'horticulture illustré | D. Bois | Book | 1893 | 1045-1048 | P. Klincksieck | |||
| Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde | Karl Schumann | Book | 1893 | 3 | 8-12,22-27,33-35,69,91 | Neudamm, J. Neumann | ||
| Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum, mit erläuterungen | Otto Kuntze | Book | 1891 | 1 | 261 | A. Felix | ||
| Carl Friedrich Forster's Handbuch der Cacteenkunde in ihrem ganzen Umfange :nach dem gegenwartigen Stande der Wissenschaft bearbeitet und durch die seit 1846 begrundetet Gattungen und neu eingefuhrten Arten vermehrt | Carl Friedrich Förster, Theodor Rümpler | Book | 1886 | 2 | 878-893 | Leipzig, Wöller, 1886 | ||
| Cactaceous Plants Their History & Culture | Lewis Castle | Book | 1884 | 72-74 | Printed at the Horticultural Press | |||
| Cactaceous plants: their history and culture | R. Lewis Castle | Book | 1884 | 71-75 | Horticultural Press | |||
| Cactaceous Plants | R. Lewis Castle | Journal Article | The journal of horticulture and cottage gardener | 1884 | 9 | 333-334 | ||
| Garten-Zeitung | Ludwig Wittmack, W. Perring | Book | 1882 | 2 | 47 | P. Parey | ||
| Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum :quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas | Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, August Wilhelm Eichler, Ignaz Urban, Stephan Endlicher, Eduard Fenzl, Benj. Mary, R. Oldenburg | Book | 1869 | 4 | 2 | 266-300 | Monachii et Lipsiae [Munich & Leipzig], R. Oldenbourg, 1840-1906 | |
| Les Cactées: Histoire, Patrie, Organes de Végétation Inflorescence, Culture, Etc | Charles Antoine Lemaire | Book | 1868 | 78-81 | Librairie agricole de la maison rustique | |||
| Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1849, secundum tribus et genera digestae : additis adnotationibus botanicis characteribusque specierum in enumeratione diagnostica cactearum Doct. Pfeifferi non descriptarum | Joseph Salm-Reifferscheidt | Book | 1850 | 58-62 | Bonnae, Apud Henry & Cohen, typis C. Georgii, 1850 | |||
| Flore des jardins et des grandes cultures, ou Description des plantes de jardins, d'orangeries et des grandes cultures, leur multiplication, l'epoque de leur fleuraison et de leur fructification, et leur emploi, avec planches gravées, dont une coloriée | Nicolas Charles Seringe | Book | 1849 | 350-359 | Lyon, C. Savy, jeune, 1849 | |||
| Handbuch der Cacteenkunde in ihrem ganzen Umfange. Oder die erfolgreichsten, auf die neuesten Erfahrungen gegrundeten Kultruangaben, sowie ausführliche und genaue Beschreibung und berichtigte Synonymik sämmtlicher bis jetzt bekannt gewordener Cacteen, und überhaupt alles in Bezug auf diese Pflanzenfamilie sonst nur Wissenswerthe. Auf den Grund langjähriger eigener und fremder Erfahrungen | Carl Friedrich Förster | Book | 1846 | 447-462 | Leipzig, J.T. Wöller, 1846 | |||
| Cacteæ in horto dyckensi cultæ anno 1844 | Joseph Salm-Reifferscheidt | Book | 1845 | 38-40 | E. Typis Crapelet | |||
| Repertorium botanices systematicae | Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers | Book | 1842 | 2 | 342-345 | Sumtibus Friderici Hofmeister | ||
| Nomenclator botanicus hortensis... | Gustav Heynhold | Book | 1840 | 2 | 98-99 | Arnoldischen Buchhandlung | ||
| Enumeratio diagnostica cactearum hucusque cognitarum | Louis Pfeiffer | Book | 1837 | 129-142 | Sumtibus L. Oehmigke |
Reduced Synonyms
| Name | Reduced by | Published Date | Published In |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lepismium paradoxum Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff. | Barthlott & Taylor (1995) | 1837 | Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 140. 1837 |
| Hariota paradoxa (Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.) Kuntze | Barthlott & Taylor (1995) | 1891 | Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891 |
| Hylorhipsalis paradoxa (Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.) Doweld | Korotkova (2021) | 2002 | Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 39. 2002 ["2001"] |
| Cereus pterocaulis Pfeiff. | Barthlott & Taylor (1995) | 1837 | Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 140. 1837 |
| Hariota alternata Lem. | Barthlott & Taylor (1995) | 1840 | Hort. Universel 2: 39, t. 50. 1840 |
| Rhipsalis alternata (Lem.) Lem. | Barthlott & Taylor (1995) | 1868 | Cactées: 80. 1868 |
| Rhipsalis pterocaulis C.F.Först. | Britton & Rose (1923) | 1846 | Handb. Cacteenk.: 453. 1846 |
| Lepismium alternatum W.H.Baxter | Britton & Rose (1923) | 1850 | Suppl. Hort. Brit.: 576. 1850 |
| Rhipsalis paradoxa var. beastonii Hochstätter | Kew WCVP (2019) | 1992 | Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64: 90. 1992 |